Journal: 3 Biotech

Article Title: Bioactive characteristics and optimization of tamarind seed protein hydrolysate for antioxidant-rich food formulations

doi: 10.1007/s13205-018-1240-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Optimum physical parameters for different enzymes (MEROPS—the protein database, Worthington enzyme manual)

Article Snippet: Optimization was carried out using parameters type of enzyme, enzyme-to-substrate ratio, hydrolysis time, and temperature. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 3 caption a7 Proteolytic enzyme Type of enzyme Active site residues Optimum temperature Optimum pH Enzyme inactivation Papain Cysteine endopeptidase Cysteine, histidine, asparagine 65 6 10 min heating at 90 °C Pepsin Aspartic endopeptidase Aspartic acid 37 2–3 Above pH 7 Trypsin Serine endopeptidase Histidine, aspartic acid, serine 37 8 10 min heating at 90 °C Chymotrypsin Serine endopeptidase Histidine, aspartate, serine 37 8 10 min heating at 90 °C Protease Serine endopeptidases Glutamic acid, histidine 37 7 10 min heating at 90 °C Open in a separate window Optimum physical parameters for different enzymes (MEROPS—the protein database, Worthington enzyme manual) Degree of hydrolysis The degree of hydrolysis (DH) was determined by the TCA method of Hoyle and Merritt’s ( 1994 ) with slight modifications.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: The cytoprotective protein clusterin is overexpressed in hypergastrinemic rodent models of oxyntic preneoplasia and promotes gastric cancer cell survival

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184514

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) IHC and ISH showing similar expression patterns for clusterin (brown) protein and mRNA, examined in control (n = 8) and hypergastrinemic PPI-rats (n = 6). (B) Number of CLU-positive/VMAT2(neuroendocrine (NE))-positive cells and CLU-positive/VMAT2(NE)-negative cells per oxyntic gland (n = 4 rats per group). (C) Double immunofluorescence staining of oxyntic mucosa from hypergastrinemic PPI-rats showing scarce CLU (green) expression in ECL cells (VMAT2-positive (red)). (D) Double immunofluorescence staining of oxyntic mucosa from hypergastrinemic PPI-rats showing CLU (green) expression in groups of chief cells (MIST1-positive (purple)) and triple immunofluorescence staining showing CLU (green) expression in proliferating (PCNA-positive (light blue)) chief cells (PGA5 (red)). Ctr = control; PPI = PPI-induced hypergastrinemia; CCK2Ra = CCK2R antagonist; PPI+CCK2Ra = PPI-induced hypergastrinemia+CCK2R antagonist. Data presented as means ± SEM. *, ** and # = ANOVA with Bonferroni-adjusted p value < 0.05. (*comparison of CLU+/NE+ cells per gland in control vs other groups individually; **comparison of CLU+/NE- cells per gland in PPI vs control or CCK2Ra; #comparison of CLU+/NE- cells per gland in PPI+CCK2Ra vs CCK2Ra.) Nuclei were counterstained with hematoxylin (blue) or DAPI (blue). The basal zone (~100 μm from the gland bottom) is highlighted with a dotted line. Scale bars = (A) 100 μm; (C, D) 50 μm.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies rabbit anti-CLU (H-330, sc-8354, Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Dallas, TX) and rabbit anti-pepsinogen 5 (PGA5) (17330-1-AP, Proteintech Europe, Manchester, United Kingdom) were detected with tyramide signal amplification TM PLUS Fluorescence Kit (NEL760001KT, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA) according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Double Immunofluorescence Staining, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Comparison

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: The cytoprotective protein clusterin is overexpressed in hypergastrinemic rodent models of oxyntic preneoplasia and promotes gastric cancer cell survival

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184514

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A, B, C) HDC protein level (A) and CLU protein level (B) in whole mucosa lysates by targeted mass spectrometry and plasma (C) by ELISA from control (Ctr) (n = 9), PPI-induced hypergastrinemic (PPI) (n = 6), CCK2R-antagonized (CCK2Ra) (n = 5–8) and CCK2R-antagonized PPI-induced hypergastrinemic (PPI+CCK2Ra) (n = 6–8) rats. Each dot represents an individual animal and the black lines mark median. (D) ISH (n = 4) and IHC (n = 8) of oxyntic mucosa from CCK2R-antagonized rats showing expression of clusterin (brown). (E) ISH (n = 5) and IHC (n = 8) of oxyntic mucosa from CCK2R-antagonized hypergastrinemic PPI-rats showing expression of clusterin (brown) (compare (D) and (E) to control and hypergastrinemic PPI-rats in ). (F-H) Number per oxyntic gland of (F) CLU-positive cells in IHC-stained sections (n = 5–8 rats per group), (G) dual CLU-positive/PGA5-positive cells (n = 4 rats per group), and (H) dual CLU-positive/PCNA-positive cells (n = 4 rats per group). Data presented as means ± SEM. *ANOVA with Tukey-adjusted p value < 0.05. Nuclei were counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). The basal zone (~100 μm from the gland bottom) is highlighted with a dotted line. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies rabbit anti-CLU (H-330, sc-8354, Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Dallas, TX) and rabbit anti-pepsinogen 5 (PGA5) (17330-1-AP, Proteintech Europe, Manchester, United Kingdom) were detected with tyramide signal amplification TM PLUS Fluorescence Kit (NEL760001KT, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA) according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Mass Spectrometry, Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Expressing, Staining